2-2. Scatter plot for calculated vs. experimental nonionic CMC for 77 surfactants, using three descriptors

2-3. Structures of the surfactants included in the anionic CMC correlations

2-4. Scatter plot for calculated vs. experimental anionic CMC for 119 surfactants, using three descriptors

2-5. Normalized CMC vs. temperature for a) sulfates and b) sulfonates

2-6. Structures of the surfactants included in the nonionic cloud point correlations

2-7. Scatter plot for calculated vs. experimental nonionic cloud point for 62 surfactants, using three descriptors

2-8. Topological descriptor values vs. carbon number for the different hydrophobic structures in the cloud point correlation

2-9. Structures of the surfactants included in the Krafft point correlations

2-10. Scatter plot for calculated vs. experimental Krafft point for 44 surfactants, using four descriptors

2-11. Scatter plot for the four descriptor regression of calculated to experimental molar volume of 78 diverse alkanes and alkenes

2-12. Scatter plot for the one descriptor (^0c) regression of calculated to experimental molar volume of 78 diverse alkanes and alkenes, showing structures with greatest steric influence on the molecular volume

3-1. W/O solubilization, binary mixtures of Spans with Tween 85
3-2. W/O solubilization, binary mixtures of Spans with Tween 80

3-3. W/O solubilization, binary mixtures of Spans with Tween 20

3-4. W/O solubilization, binary mixtures of Spans with Tween 21

3-5. W/O solubilization, binary mixtures of Spans with Tween 81

3-6. Solubilization assuming hydration, binary mixtures of Spans with Tween 85

3-7. W/O solubilization in ternary Span/Tween mixtures

3-8. W/O solubilization, weight % excursion for Tween 81

3-9. W/O solubilization, weight % excursion for Span 80/Tween 85 mixtures

3-10. W/S ratio vs. S/O ratio, for Span 80/Tween 85 N_HLB=10 mixture

3-11. W/O solubilization in C₁₀-C₁₆ n-alkane/Tween 81 microemulsions

3-12. W/O solubilization in C₈-C₁₆ n-alkane/Span 80/Tween 85 microemulsions

3-13. W/O solubilization in C₈-C₁₆ n-Alkane/Span 20/Tween 85 microemulsions

3-14. W/O solubilization in C₈, C₁₂, C₁₆ n-alkane/Span 20/Tween 85 microemulsions

3-15. Curvature model for the solubilization behavior of Span/Tween W/O microemulsions

3-16. W/O solubilization, binary mixtures with Igepal CO series surfactants in cyclohexane

3-17. Solubilization of electrolyte solutions in Igepal/cyclohexane W/O microemulsions

3-18. W/O solubilization in hexadecane/Span/ethoxylated Castor oil microemulsions

4-1. Effect of micellar lifetime (slow relaxation time) on technological processes

4-2. Variation of the slow relaxation time (t₂) of 100 mM SDS as a function of alcohol concentration

4-3. Slow relaxation time for mixtures of SDS and higher alcohols. The concentration of the mixtures remains constant at 100 mM (SDS+alcohol)

4-4. Viscosity of glycerol/water mixtures

4-5. Conductivity of glycerol/water/SDS mixtures

4-6. Slow relaxation time of 100 mM SDS with different glycerol/water ratios

4-7. Slow relaxation time of SDS at a 1:1 glycerol/water ratio

4-8. Slow relaxation time (t₂) vs. size of counterion, for 3 and 30 mM concentrations of tetraalkyl-ammonium chloride salts, where the alkyl group varies from methyl to pentyl

4-9. Slow relaxation time vs. concentration, for tetraethylammonium chloride in 150 mM SDS

4-10. Slow relaxation time vs. concentration, for tetraethylammonium chloride in 75 mM SDS

4-11. Slow relaxation time of mixed anionic and nonionic surfactants, for different mixtures of 100 mM combined SDS + Tween 80

4-12. Typical electrical conductivity vs. time traces for pressure-jump experiments. These examples show the decrease in signal as the proportion of nonionic surfactant increases

4-13. Slow relaxation time (t₂) for mixed anionic and nonionic surfactants, for different mixtures of 0.5 wt% combined AOT + Arlacel 20

4-14. Slow relaxation time vs. additive concentration for 100 mM SDS with the additives glycerol, glycine and sodium octanoate

4-15. Slow relaxation time vs. concentration for mixed sodium octanoate/SDS micelles, compared with pure SDS micelles

4-16. Surface tension vs. concentration for sodium octanoate

4-17. Apparent dynamic surface tension of glycerol

4-18. Equilibrium surface tension of methanol/water mixtures

4-19. ²³Na chemical shift (d ) vs. SDS concentration for the entire range from 2 to 400 mM

4-20. Spin-lattice relaxation time (T₁) vs. SDS concentration for the entire range from 2 to 400 mM

4-21. ²³Na chemical shift (d ) vs. the inverse of the SDS concentration for the entire range from 2 to 400 mM

4-22. Spin-lattice relaxation time (T₁) vs. the inverse of the SDS concentration for the entire range from 2 to 400 mM, showing linear relationship of T₁ to 1/[SDS] over certain concentration ranges

4-23. Surface tension vs. concentration for CPC, establishing a CMC of 0.9 mM

4-24. Electrical conductivity vs. concentration for MTAB

4-25. Slow relaxation time (t₂) vs. concentration for CPC

4-26. Slow relaxation time vs. concentration for MTAB

4-27. Slow relaxation time vs. concentration for CTAB

4-28. Slow relaxation time conductivity signal amplitude vs. concentration for CPC

4-29. Fabric wetting time vs. concentration for MTAB

4-30. Fabric wetting time vs. concentration for CTAB

4-31. Foam height vs. concentration for MTAB

4-32. Foamability vs. concentration for MTAB

4-33. Nonionic surfactant micellar kinetics via temperature-jump

4-34. Measuring light scattering with absorbance spectroscopy

4-35. Absorbance spectrum of Arlasolve 200

4-36. Log absorbance vs. log wavelength for Brij 78

4-37. Absorbance spectrum of SDS

4-38. Ultraviolet absorbance spectrum of water vs. temperature

4-39. Absorbance spectrum of Igepal CO-720

4-40. Absorbance spectrum of Brij 97