Cleanliness and the Health Revolution (1984)
A 68-page booklet detailing how changes in personal and environmental
hygiene played an essential role in the health revolution in the U.S. and
England. Includes historical records of soap consumption and bathing habits,
cross-cultural studies of Third World populations and epidemiological data.
The Prevention of Occupational Skin Diseases (1981)
A 56-page management manual on all aspects of cleanliness related to
the prevention of dermatitis. Includes information on the anatomy of the
skin; principal causes of dermatitis; and its prevention through the use
of protective garments, creams and skin cleaners.
REPRINTS
Environmental Safety
The Effect of Reformulation of Household Powder Laundry Detergents
on Their Contribution to Heavy Metals Levels in Wastewater
(Waste Environment Research (70)5:980-983, 1998)
Heavy metals analyses of current household powder laundry detergents
and product usage rates were used to determine the contributions of household
washing products to levels of heavy metals in influent and effluent municipal
wastewaters.
Assessing the Impact of Household Cleaning Products on Wastewater Treatment
Systems
(The Small Flows Journal (4)1:15-27, 1998)
Reviews techniques used to evaluate the toxicity of cleaning products
to residential wastewater treatment processes, and case studies which indicate
that disposal of household quantities of cleaning products do not cause
long-term septic tank upset.
Modeling the Fate and Transport of Household Chemicals in Septic Systems
(Ground Water 36(1):123-132, 1998)
Describes the development and testing of a mathematical model that
was found to be a satisfactory screening level tool for predicting the
fate and transport of down-the-drain household chemicals in septic systems.
A Method for Evaluating Consumer Product Ingredient Contributions to
Surface and Drinking Water: Boron As a Test Case
(Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16(10):2070-2081, 1997)
Describes research which determined that the contribution of boron
in surface waters from consumer products is dependent on the extent of
sewage treatment plant effluent dilution in receiving waters and natural
background boron levels.
Sorption of Nonionic Surfactants on Sediment Materials
(Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 31(6):1735-1741,1997)
Describes investigations into the distribution of a series of nonionic
surfactants between sediments and water as a function of surfactant structure,
ionic strength, pH value, Ca2+ concentration in solution, sediment composition
and concentration of suspended solids.
Environmental Risk Assessment of Cleaning Product Ingredients
(Chemosphere 32(4):703-715, 1996)
Describes a risk assessment approach based on the principle that environmentally
responsible use of a cleaning product ingredient requires a determination
with confidence that the ingredient will not occur at concentrations in
the environment that adversely affect living organisms.
The Effect of Sediment Organic Carbon on the Toxicity of a Surfactant
to Hyalella Azteca
(Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15(8): 1411-1417, 1996)
Describes research into the effect of sediment organic carbon content
on anionic surfactant sorption and toxicity to Hyalella azteca.
Heavy Metals Contribution of Household Washing Products to Municipal
Wastewater
(Water Environment Research 66(6): 805-813, 1994)
Summarizes research into the contributions of household washing products
and other sources to heavy metals present in influent municipal wastewaters
and treated effluents.
Biodegradation: How Does It Apply to Cleaning Products
(HAPPI 30(5): 100-126, 1993)
Six industry experts explain how information on biodegradation is part
of the environmental safety assessment process for cleaning product ingredients
and how this information can be used to support environmental marketing
claims.
Release of Ethanol to the Atmosphere During Use of Consumer Cleaning
Products
(J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 40(8):1114-1120, 1990)
Describes a study which concluded that only a small fraction of the
ethanol contained in liquid laundry and dishwashing detergents is released
to the atmosphere during consumer use of these products.
Human Health & Safety
The Healthcare Continuum: A Classification Model for Topical Antimicrobial
Products Including Those Used in the Food Industry
(Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation (18)6:352-358, 1998)
Explains how the Healthcare Continuum Model aligns an appropriately-formulated,
efficacious product with specific target organisms, frequency of use and
health risks associated with a use pattern, including in food handling,
preparation and manufacture.
Approaches to Human Risk Assessment and Risk Management for Cleaning
Products
(J. Toxicol. - Cut. & Ocular Toxicol. 14(2):105-122, 1995)
Risk assessment and risk management procedures applicable to evaluating
cleaning product safety are described.
A Human Health Risk Assessment of Boron (Boric Acid and Borax) in Drinking
Water
(Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 22:221-230, 1995)
Human health risk assessment concludes that boron in U.S. drinking
water would not be expected to pose any health risk to the public.
Soaps and Detergents: Alternatives to Animal Eye Irritation Tests
(J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 15(1):1-44, 1996)
An extensive review with conclusions drawn about the current status
of alternatives to animal eye irritation tests.
In Vitro Methods for Estimating Eye lrritancy of Cleaning Products _
Phase I: Preliminary Assessment
(J. Toxicol. - Cut. & Ocular Toxicol. 7(3):173-185, 1988)
A preliminary assessment was carried out, using cleaning products and
ingredients, of 14 in vitro test systems for estimating eye irritation.
The SDA Alternatives Program: Comparison of In Vitro Data With Draize
Test Data
(J. Toxicol. - Cut. & Ocular Toxicol. 8(1):35-49, 1989)
Nine in vitro candidate test systems for estimating eye irritancy were
evaluated in this second phase. Test materials featured wider range of
alkalinities than those used previously in SDA program.
The SDA Alternatives Program Phase III: Comparison of In Vitro Data
With Animal Eye Irritation Data on Solvents, Surfactants, Oxidizing Agents
and Prototype Cleaning Products
(J. Toxicol. - Cut. & Ocular Toxicol. 13(2):127-155, 1994)
The range of the types of cleaning products and ingredients used in
evaluating candidate in vitro test methods was extended, and additional
information obtained on the most promising subset of test methods studied
in previous phases of the program.
Effects of Alkalinity on the Eye Irritation Potential of Solutions Prepared
at a Single pH
(J. Toxicol. - Cut. & Ocular Toxicol. 12(3), 227-231, 1993)
The effects of solution alkalinity on eye irritation were evaluated using
a modified Draize eye irritancy test.